DN, NPS, PN and ASME Class Are Not Direct Equivalents

Home / Resources / Size and pressure terms
Buyer guide · specification language

DN, NPS, PN and ASME Class Are Not Direct Equivalents

DN and NPS identify nominal size systems. PN and ASME Class identify pressure-rating systems. None of them, by itself, completely defines a valve connection or allowable service condition.

Written by: HSVA Valve Engineering Team   Reviewed by: HSVA Quality & Export Coordination
Published 25 September 2026 · Last reviewed 27 September 2026

Use DN with the applicable metric standard and NPS with the applicable inch-based standard. Use PN or ASME Class together with the governing design and flange standards, material and temperature. Do not approve a substitution from a simple conversion chart.

DN and NPS describe nominal size

DN is a dimensionless nominal size designation commonly used with metric standards. NPS is the nominal pipe size system used in many inch-based standards. A nominal designation is not a direct measurement of bore or outside diameter.

PN and ASME Class describe rating systems

PN is a nominal pressure designation used within relevant standards. ASME pressure classes such as Class 150 or Class 300 belong to another rating framework. The allowable pressure depends on the applicable standard, material group and temperature.

Term
What it tells the buyer
What it does not tell you
DN
The nominal metric size designation
Exact bore, outside diameter or flange drilling
NPS
The nominal inch-based pipe size designation
Exact measured diameter for every component
PN
A nominal pressure designation under the cited standard
Universal allowable pressure at every temperature
ASME Class
A pressure-temperature rating class within applicable ASME standards
A direct one-number conversion to PN

Why shortcut conversion tables cause trouble

A table may place PN16 near Class 150 for rough commercial discussion, but “near” is not engineering equivalence. Flange dimensions, drilling, facing, material ratings and temperature limits still require comparison under the governing standards.

What to put in an RFQ

  • Nominal size: DN or NPS, clearly labelled.
  • Pressure designation: PN or ASME Class.
  • Valve and flange standards, including facing where relevant.
  • Body and pressure-retaining material.
  • Design and maximum operating temperature.
  • Required face-to-face standard and end connection.
Good RFQ line: “DN100, PN16, flanged ends to the project-specified EN flange standard, ductile-iron body, treated water at stated operating temperature; confirm face-to-face standard in the offer.”

When the existing valve only shows a nameplate

Send a clear nameplate photo, connection measurements and photographs of both ends. Keep the existing pipeline standard separate from assumptions about the replacement valve.